Category Archives: Vitamin C

BioCare Vitamin C, Liposomal Vitamin C, True Food Vitamin C, Vitamin C

Fighting Free Radicals, Heart Disease, Skin-Ageing and More: Vitamin C’s Benefits

Of all those essential nutrients we recognise as vitamins, few spring to mind so readily as Vitamin C. Why is that? Is it ‘healthier’ than the others? No, not necessarily; but it is incredibly important we all get our regular fill of it (as this article will outline). Actually, perhaps the reason it’s so mentioned and such a permanent fixture is because we – or rather, our bodies –have trouble with it; that is, they can’t store it naturally, ensuring we have to source it from our food and drink each and every day. And this means, since its discovery in 1930, there’s always been an understandably big to-do about the necessity to get as much Vitamin C as we can from dietary sources.

Just what Vitamin C – or ascorbic acid, to give its more scientifically precise name – does for our bodies makes for a very long list, indeed. It truly is indispensable. First up, it’s a highly effective antioxidant, which means it combats the harmful effects of free radicals1. For, unless stopped by antioxidants, each of these nasty single-electron molecules destroy other molecules – and cells – in the body in its attempt to try and find another electron with which to pair off and ‘complete’ itself. Should they be given a free rein, once they’ve found their way into the body, free radicals can run riot and contribute to serious conditions developing like arthritis, heart disease and even cancer1. Vitamin C’s antioxidant properties are absolutely critical in making sure they don’t.

In this way, the vitamin helps to protect and maintain the health of the body’s cells and, thanks to its involvement in the creation of collagen, it plays a crucial role in supporting the structure of connective tissues throughout the body, given that collagen’s a protein involved in the production process of skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels1. Furthermore, Vitamin C’s a contributor to boosting the body’s iron levels (iron being a nutrient that’s a key ingredient of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood from the lungs to the organs and cells it needs to reach). And, as if all that wasn’t enough, Vitamin C’s also just as crucial to wound healing here, there and everywhere in the body1.

Benefits of Vitamin C

As should now be clear then, this vitamin’s influence on the body – so long as it’s regularly consumed – is enormous and extremely varied. Its benefits extend into all areas of physical health; to be clear then, Vitamin C can help with all the following ailments:

  • High blood pressure – developing this condition runs the risk of eventually experiencing heart disease and a stroke; eating foods rich in Vitamin C isn’t just good for your overall health, but research suggests especially so for those at risk of high blood pressure2.
  • Skin-ageing – everybody’s skin ages; that’s just a natural rule, right? Well, yes, but it appears that regular Vitamin C consumption may help in the fight to keep your skin appear and feel healthy. Research suggests the higher the intake of the vitamin the less likely someone will experience a wrinkled appearance and the more likely their appearance will reflect healthy skin-ageing3.
  • Gout – a study has shown that Vitamin C can be associated with a lower risk of gout in men; the study’s results proved that, among its subjects, those that took Vitamin C supplementation reduced their risk by nearly a third (31%) and by upping their intake further they cut their risk by nearly one-half4.
  • Urinary tract infection – there may also be evidence to suggest that daily Vitamin C supplementation could reduce the chance of a urinary tract infection (UCI) developing in women while they’re pregnant; presumably because the nutrient is effective at preventing bacteria growing due to it adding a greater acidic content to urine5.
  • Macular degeneration – should you have advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it seems that Vitamin C – in collusion with zinc, beta-carotene and Vitamin E – can work to tackle this eye-destroying ailment (it’s the biggest cause of legal blindness in those over 55 years-old in the United States)6.
  • Asthma – not all studies have found that Vitamin C aids asthma treatment beyond all doubt, yet some research does seem to suggest that it could help reduce the symptoms of exercise-induced asthma7.

Incorporating more Vitamin C into your diet

So much for what Vitamin C can do for your body, but seeing as this water-soluble nutrient isn’t naturally stored in the body, how can you ensure you get enough of it? Well, the traditional and simplest way is to do so through a healthy, sensible diet that’s deliberately rich in as many nutrients as you can reasonably squeeze into it.

To wit, the following foods are all excellent sources for Vitamin C: blueberries, cranberries, raspberries and strawberries; broccoli; Brussels sprouts; cabbage; canned and fresh tomatoes; cantaloupe; cauliflower; citrus juices (and other juices fortified with Vitamin C); grapefruit; kiwis; mangoes; oranges; papayas; pineapples; potatoes; red and green peppers; watermelons; winter squash and finally, raw and lightly cooked leafy greens (turnip greens, spinach and more).

Vitamin C supplements

You may feel, however, that you’ll struggle to incorporate a majority, or even several of those above foods into your diet to get your fill of Vitamin C – or should you be a smoker (and are having trouble/ have no desire of giving up) you’ll no doubt find that improving your diet isn’t enough to get all the Vitamin C you need. What to do then? Well, you could, of course, turn to naturally-derived, non-synthetic, nutrient-rich products to supplement your diet’s Vitamin C content. For instance, take a glance out our ‘Vitamin C’ section here at The Finchley Clinic and you’ll see how many appropriate and highly beneficial supplements we stock – three examples of which are:

Liposomal-VitaminC

Liposomal Vitamin C – by deploying state-of-the-art technology, this product’s nutrients are blended with tiny nanoparticles (phospholipids) to ensure its Vitamin C reaches the body’s cells more precisely and simply; also contains aloe vera, potassium sorbate and Vitamin E.

True-Food-Vitamin-C

True Food Vitamin C – offering a potent form of the vitamin (thus large doses aren’t necessary), this product offers a food-based formula so it can be easily absorbed by the body; also comprises citrus bioflavonoids for additional immune support.

Vitamin-C-500mg

BioCare Vitamin C – a bio-available, buffered and low-acid source of Vitamin C; combined with magnesium and bilberry extract, the latter providing flavonoids for a potently high antioxidant content.

References:

  1. ‘Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)’. UmmEdu. http://www.umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/vitamin-c-ascorbic-acid. Last reviewed: 16 Jul 2013.
  2. Juraschek S. P., Guallar E., Appel L. J. and Miller E. R. ‘Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 95 (5): 1079-88.
  3. Cosgrove M. C., Franco O. H., Granger S. P., Murray P. G. and Mayes A. E. ‘Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women’. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct; 86 (4): 1225-31.
  4. Choi H. K., Gao X. and Curhan G. ‘Vitamin C Intake and the Risk of Gout in Men – A Prospective Study’. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar; 169 (5): 502–507. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.606.
  5. Beerepoot M. and Geerlings S. ‘Non-Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections’. Pathogens. 2016 Jun; 5 (2): 36. Published online 2016. Apr 16. doi: 10.3390/pathogens5020036.
  6. Zheng S. J., Rautiainen S., Lindblad B. E., Morgenstern R. and Wolk A. ‘High-dose supplements of vitamins C and E, low-dose multivitamins, and the risk of age-related macular degeneration’. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177 (6): 548-55.
  7. Kaur B., Rowe B. H. and Ram F. S. ‘Vitamin C supplementation for asthma (Cochrane Review)’. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; 4: CD000993.
Magnesium, Magnesium EAP Complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin C with Magnesium

Magnificent Magnesium: Its Different Forms and Importance To The Body

Obviously there’s a myriad of minerals that are beneficial to the body and your overall health and wellbeing, but – when you take a look at what it does for your body – magnesium must be undoubtedly among the most abundantly necessary. So much so, in fact, it’s needed as a co-factor for more than 300 separate biochemical reactions in the human body. That covers the likes of maintaining a strong heartbeat, sustaining healthy nerve function, growing and building bones and muscles, preserving electrolyte balance, ensuring normal blood-clotting, supporting hormonal health and keeping the immune system operating exactly as it should.

Moreover, scientific research is increasingly discovering that magnesium may be capable of alleviating the symptoms of many common ailments and conditions. Exactly what sort of magnesium benefits are we talking about here? Well, study results suggest that the mineral’s multitude of functions and properties within the body ensures it can help with problems ranging from cardiac arrhythmias to cardiovascular disease; chronic fatigue to diabetes; emotional and physical stress to high blood pressure; migraines to osteoporosis and premenstrual tension to restless leg syndrome.

In which case, should you be interested in increasing your magnesium intake – via dietary sources or, especially, natural supplementation – it’s as well to be aware of the various types of magnesium that are available and used within supplements.

An A-Z of magnesium types

The following ‘types’ of magnesium – often in ‘chelated’ compound form; thus, with one or more elements of some kind to ease its absorption in the body – all tend to crop up in supplements produced for the benefit of one’s health, while several of them are relied on for a good number of other uses too:

  • Magnesium amino acid chelate – the first in our list is a compound that’s a mineral chelate comprising magnesium oxide and a form of amino acid (an arginate, aspartate, glycine or lactate and so on); magnesium in this form tends to be most commonly paired with aspartate or arginate as the amino acid
  • Magnesium ascorbate – actually a form of Vitamin C (non-acidic buffered), this compound’s a great source of magnesium too, not least because it enables the body to consume both the vitamin and the mineral in a way that’s easy on the gastrointestinal system; thus, making for effective absorption of both the vital nutrients 
  • Magnesium carbonate – commonly referred to as chalk, this type’s often used by gymnasts and weightlifters to aid grip and it should be noted that, when consumed in high doses, magnesium carbonate tends to act as a laxative; when consumed, its bioavailability rate (the amount that’s assimilated by the digestive system and so reaches systemic circulation so it can be used for cellular activity and benefit health) is around 30% 
  • Magnesium chloride – again, offering a decent level of bioavailability, this type of magnesium is fairly moderate in its concentration (that is, how much of the compound is actually made up of magnesium); it’s often used in industry, not least in the manufacturing of paper, fireproof agents and certain kinds of cement 
  • Magnesium citrate – what this form of the mineral may lack in concentration it arguably makes up for in bioavailability (admirably high at 90%); it’s created from the magnesium salt that occurs naturally in citric acid (present in citrus fruits) and is often used to treat constipation – recent research also points to its potential in preventing the development of kidney stones 
  • Magnesium lactate – another magnesium type often used to address digestive complaints and disorders, this one is probably best avoided, however, should you suffer with a kidney-related problem; again, its concentration is, at best, moderate, but its bioavailability high 
  • Magnesium orotate – produced via mineral salts derived from orotic acid, this type sees magnesium paired with an orotate, a substance that animals and plants both rely on to create DNA (the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all organisms)1; orotates too are excellent at penetrating cell membranes, thereby ensuring magnesium can be successfully delivered to the cell’s mitochondria and nucleus2 – exactly where it needs to be to benefit the cell and overall health, as such, this form makes for a highly absorbable kind of magnesium 
  • Magnesium oxide – commonly referred to as ‘magnesia’, this form of the mineral (which sees it paired with at least one oxygen atom and one or more other kinds of atoms) offers, like magnesium carbonate, laxative properties and is also commonly used to treat the symptoms of acid reflux; it’s highly concentrated, but with low bioavailability (around just 4%)
  • Magnesium phosphate – a salt containing both magnesium and phosphorous (along with oxygen), magnesium phosphate, when consumed in supplement form, is believed to be beneficial for treating the effects of fibromyalgia3 and sustained heart damage (heart attack or heart disease) and to regulate cholesterol levels; most essentially though, the body requires magnesium phosphate to successfully maintain bone health 
  • Magnesium sulphate – better known as Epsom salt, this compound is, in fact, inorganic and with an elemental concentration of only 10% and a relatively low bioavailability level, it doesn’t pack the cellular-delivery punch of some of the others4; it’s made up, as you may have worked out, of magnesium, oxygen and sulphur. 

Magnesium supplements

So, abundant though magnesium may be in both the body and healthy – and especially organic – foods (such as vegetables including spinach, chard and black beans, as well as yogurt and nuts and seeds like almonds and pumpkin seeds), it may be that you feel you want to try boosting your magnesium intake. Especially if you’re struggling to include as many of the aforementioned foods in your diet as you might.

In that case then, natural supplementation is the obvious option to turn to for consumption of this all-important mineral. Along with all the other products you’ll see listed in our ‘Magnesium’ section, these three magnesium supplements are available through us at The Finchley Clinic:

true-food-magnesium

True Food Magnesium – designed to make up for the dietary magnesium intake that may not be possible due to modern farming methods and environmental factors like pollution, this supplement, with its high bioavailability, is ideal too for compromised digestion owing to busy lifestyles

magnesium-eap-complex

Magnesium EAP – a good source of highly bioavailable magnesium; useful for individuals with malabsorption and poor levels of the mineral because the supplement’s magnesium form (magnesium phosphate) aids its transportation through the body.

Vitamin-C-500mg

Vitamin C with Magnesium – great for people requiring a citrus-free (as well as a bioavailable and readily absorbable) source of magnesium and/ or Vitamin C, this product also comprises bilberry extract, which in turns contains flavonoids (acting as effective antioxidants).

References:

  1. Classen H. G. ‘Magnesium orotate–experimental and clinical evidence’. Rom J Intern Med. 2004; 42 (3): 491-501.

2. Zeana C. ‘Magnesium orotate in myocardial and neuronal protection’. Rom J Intern Med. 1999 Jan-Mar; 37 (1): 91-7.

3. London M. ‘The Role of Magnesium in Fibromyalgia’. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://web.mit.edu/london/www/magnesium.html. 2007.

4. Albrecht E., Kirkham K. R., Liu S. S. and Brull R. ‘The analgesic efficacy and safety of neuraxial magnesium sulphate: a quantitative review’. Anaesthesia. Feb 2013; 68 (2): 190-202.

Kidney Health, Liposomal Vitamin C, True Food Vitamin C, Vitamin C, Vitamins & Minerals

The orange Juice Nutrient: How to Avoid and Beat Vitamin C Deficiency

Forever associated with orange juice, Vitamin C is perhaps the most easily recalled of all the family of vitamins whose consumption is crucial for our bodies to function exactly as they should. For, should you peel back the surface and break up the segments – yes, as would with an orange – of what Vitamin C does for us, you quickly find it’s impossible not to come to the conclusion it’s essential for healthy human life.

A natural antioxidant that also goes by the scientific name L-ascorbic acid, Vitamin C can actually be found in many fruit and vegetables, certainly not just oranges1. Among all the great things it does inside out bodies, it helps ensure growth and development take place as they should, especially as it aids in the repairing of damaged internal tissue2, 3 and, in helping produce the protein collagen, it plays a pivotal role in keeping the skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and blood vessels in good health4.

Continue reading The orange Juice Nutrient: How to Avoid and Beat Vitamin C Deficiency →

Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamins & Minerals

Magnificent Magnesium: An Essential Super Nutrient

If you’re someone who’s nutrient deficient then you’re in for bad news. It’s because you’re consuming vitamins, minerals and other nutrients in the right quantities and to the right levels why you may get ill and not feel at your best a good deal of the time. If you seem to get ill more often than other people, it could well be because you’re nutrient deficient.

But how do you know for sure? And how do you know which nutrient – or nutrients – you’re deficient in? Well, that’s a bit tricky to ascertain, as lacking enough of a specific nutrient would likely be revealed by very specific symptoms – but then there are crossovers that suggest you may be lacking in another nutrient.

All that said, though, one of the leading nutrient deficiencies in adults is of magnesium, which isn’t that surprising given the roster of important things that magnesium’s responsible for in the human body; at least 300 different biochemical functions, in fact, that see it play pivotal roles in heartbeat rhythm regulation, energy production, enzyme and neurotransmitter function and the balancing of nitric oxide levels.

In fact, it’s estimated that as many as eight in 10 adults are deficient in this vital mineral; believe it or not. How do you know if you’re not getting enough magnesium through your diet? Clues could be if you tend to experience muscle aches and/ or spasms, poor sleep and digestion and anxiety and exaggerated worry. Yet, again, from this it would be hard to pinpoint you’re definitely lacking in magnesium, as they’re rather general symptoms – to that end, it’s best to check with a doctor or medical professional.

Not Enough Magnesium – What happens?

So much for what magnesium does in the body, but when it’s not present in high enough levels, what conditions can its absence help cause? The list’s a long one – underlining just how crucial the nutrient is to us:

  •  Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma or multiple sclerosis owing to peroxynitrite damage1
  •  cardiovascular disease and hypertension1
  •  damage to the kidneys and liver 1
  •  impotence1
  •  increased premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms1
  •  mood swings and potential behavioural disorders1
  •  osteoporosis1
  •  recurrent bacteria- or fungal-based infections1
  •  restless leg syndrome1

How can you Boost your Magnesium Intake?

<style=”text-align: justify;”>It’s often said that increasing your magnesium levels via supplementation may cause disruption of your body’s nutrient balance. The thinking here goes that, because (in spite of its importance) we need relatively little magnesium compared to other vitamins and minerals, consuming large, regular amounts of magnesium could create an imbalance.

To that end, ideally one should seek to get their adequate helping of magnesium from their diet – along with all their other required vitamins and minerals – and foods that are rich in magnesium and advised for widening your diet include vegetables like avocados, bananas, black beans, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, mung beans, potatoes, spinach and Swiss chard, as well as nuts and seeds like almonds, cashews and pumpkin seeds2.

And yet, if for whatever reason, you’re incapable of altering your diet to include a fair number of such foods then the expert thinking is that natural supplementation’s an effective way to overcome Magnesium deficiency. This in no small part is because of, in addition to magnesium’s health-giving properties, its relationship with other nutrients in the body such as calcium – it’s thought that taking magnesium supplementation has the handy, added bonus of counterbalancing levels of calcium, should you also be taking supplements of the latter on a regular basis2.

Plus, if you go the magnesium supplement route it’s also likely to be of benefit if you find you tend to rely on antibiotics to beat infections (although, of course, other natural supplements may help you to avoid infections in the first place!). Why? Well, heavy antibiotic use may result in damaging your digestive tract to the extent that magnesium isn’t absorbed from nutrient-rich foods2. Something to think about.

Magnesium Supplements

The following magnesium-based supplements are all available from The Finchley Clinic:

True Food MagnesiumTrue Food Magnesium –  Offers a highly bioavailable, potent food form of magnesium for enhanced absorption.


Magnesium Malate 120Magnesium Malate – Provides 100mg elemental magnesium per capsule, as well as Malic acid.


Vitamin C 500mg capsuleBioCare Vitamin C – A Magnesium Ascorbate supplement that provides Vitamin C as well as magnesium, in addition to bilberry extract which comprises flavonoids, a potent source of antioxidants.


References:

1. Johnson S. ‘The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency’. Med Hypotheses. 56 (2): 163-70. Feb 2001.

2. ‘Should you be taking magnesium supplements?’. https://draxe.com/magnesium-supplements.

Buffered Vitamin C, Fizzy C, Immune+, Tapioca Vitamin C, Vitamin C, Vitamins & Minerals

Don’t be deficient: how to avoid Vitamin C deficiency

When you read or hear the word malnourished, what image pops into your head? That of a tragically weak-looking, starving child, perhaps? Well, when you think about it, what malnourished actually means is when someone’s diet is deficient in specific nutrients so it damages their health and prevents their bodies from functioning properly. That means that, yes, potentially everyone on Earth can become malnourished – should they not ensure (or not be able to ensure) they have enough variety and nutrition in their food.

And one of the key nutrients every one of us should be getting from our diet is Vitamin C (or L-ascorbic acid), an essential antioxidant to be found in an array of different fruits and vegetables1. Why is it so essential? Just look at the facts – Vitamin C…

  • Supports growth and development of the body and aids damaged-tissue-repair2, 3
  • Aids collagen production, which critically contributes to healthy skin, blood vessels, cartilage, ligaments and tendons4
  • Stimulates iron absorption and enhances the fight against cell-damaging free radicals5
  • Promotes heart health6
  • May reduce the risk of high blood pressure7, 8, 9

Deficiency – and its dangers

To that end then, Vitamin C deficiency can be very bad news. Indeed, in one of the worse-case scenarios, it could lead to scurvy. No, scurvy isn’t just a pirate-derived slang term for a nautically-derived illness; it is a genuine disease. One that, thankfully, nowadays doesn’t occur that often in the Western world because few are heavily deficient in Vitamin C. Its symptoms, though, include the likes of fatigue, anaemia, scaly skin, easy bruising and gum disease7. Very unpleasant. As mentioned, in developed countries the chances of someone developing scurvy are low – but there is still a chance (vulnerable people in the United States are at risk even10); vigilance is important then, which means we must all ensure we’re getting enough Vitamin C. Deficiency can be caused by:

  • Too little fruit and veg in your diet; evaporated or boiled cow’s milk for babies as opposed to breast milk
  • Medical conditions such as digestive tract injuries/ inefficiencies, kidney disease, genetic diseases and certain kinds of cancer10
  • Smoking – the tissue damage tobacco causes ensures the body requires more Vitamin C than normal, ensuring smokers/ those exposed to second-hand smoke probably need as much as 35g extra of Vitamin C each day10

Recommended daily intake

Speaking of recommended intake, according to the US Office of Dietary Supplements, that will vary based on your age – and your gender11. However, the US Government guidelines for Vitamin C intake are surely far too low. Experts suggest that – as stated, dependant on their age, body weight and pre-existing conditions – individuals should be aiming to boost their daily levels of the vitamin to anything between 3g and 15g12. For his part, Dr Linus Pauling, the early and great advocate of Vitamin C, recommended a daily allowance of up to 18g13. In short, we always need Vitamin C; whatever our age, gender or body weight.

Natural sources

As you may have guessed, it’s best to get your Vitamin C the traditional way – from organic, natural sources. At the high end of the scale then11, we’re talking those colourful fruits and vegetables – the likes of red and yellow peppers, orange juice and oranges themselves, grapefruit juice, kiwifruit and green peppers. If these aren’t entirely your cup of tea then maybe more regular (certainly more traditional) fare in a British diet are also good14, such as strawberries, Brussels sprouts, tomato juice, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and baked potatoes.

Supplementation

But what if you’re the kind of person that, try as you might, has just never got on with fruit and veg? Well, in that case, you may consider Vitamin C supplements. Not only are all of the following available via The Finchley Clinic, they’re also especially recommended because they’re organically, naturally derived:

Buffered Vitamin C (from calcium ascorbate) powder (180g and 60g) – ideal for those suffering from poor digestion, this supplement’s gentle and non-acidic; plus, as it comes in powder form, it can be easily mixed into drinks

Fizzy-C

Fizzy C (20 tablets) – additive- and artificial flavouring-free, this is ideal for all ages, not least because each tablet’s naturally sweetened so tastes great

Immune+ (Vitamin C with zinc) – in easy-to-swallow tablet form, this supplement contains the powerful antioxidant that’s blackcurrant, as well as zinc, black elderberry (which offers additional immune support) and bilberry (which provides the Vitamin C); available in bottles of 180, 90 and 30 tablets

Vitamin-C-Ultra-Pure

Tapioca Vitamin C (formerly Ultra Pure Vitamin C) (1,000mg; 90 capsules) – comprising 99.9% Vitamin C, this supplement’s derived from tapioca (cassava root) as opposed to corn, a food source that very few people are allergic to.

References:

  1. ‘Vitamin C’. MedlinePlus. US National Library of Medicine, 9 Mar 2016. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  2. Zeratsky, K. ‘Too Much Vitamin C: Is It Harmful?’. MayoClinic.org. Mayo Clinic, 5 Feb 2015. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  3. ‘Wounds’. University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 5 Jan 2015. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  4. Boyera, N., Galey, I. and Bernard, B. A. (1998) ‘Effect of vitamin C and its derivatives on collagen synthesis and cross-linking by normal human fibroblasts’. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 20: 151–158. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1998.171747.x.
  5. Lynch, S. R. and Cook, J. D. (1980) ‘INTERACTION OF VITAMIN C AND IRON’.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 355: 32–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21325.x.
  6. Osganian, S. K., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. and Spiegelman, D. ‘Vitamin C and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women’. ACC Current Journal Review 12.5 (2003): 27. PubMed. Web.
  7. ‘Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)’. University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 16 July 2013. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  8. Juraschek, S. P. et al. ‘Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials’. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95.5 (2012): 1079–1088. PMC. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  9. Ness, A. R., Chee, D. and Elliott, P. ‘Vitamin C and Blood Pressure–an Overview’. J Hum Hypertens Journal of Human Hypertension 11.6 (1997): 343-50. PubMed. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  10. ‘Vitamin C Fact Sheet for Consumers’. National Institutes of Health. US Department of Health & Human Services, 17 Feb 2016. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  11. ‘Vitamin C Fact Sheet for Health Professionals’. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 11 Feb 2016. Web. 11 Mar 2016.
  12. Stock, S. L. ‘”C” your way to good health’. The Association for Systematic Kinesiology Newsletter. Jan 1989.
  13. Pauling, L. ‘My love affair with Vitamin C’. Profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Web. 2016.
  14. Bobroff, L. B. and Valentin-Oquendo, I. ‘Facts About Vitamin C’. University of Florida IFAS Extension. University of Florida, n.d. Web. 11 Mar 2016.